A Holistic Analysis of Sun Protection Factor and Its Relevance in Sunscreen Efficiency

The sun protection factor (SPF) plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy of sunscreen products in shielding the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted aspects of SPF, from its historical origins to its modern-day implications. The objective is to provide a holistic understanding of SPF, encompassing its definition, extraction methods, SPF formula, factors influencing its effectiveness, and examples of some plant materials used for the determination of the SPF factor. Azadirachta indica (Indian lilac) (SPF), Ocimum sanctum (holy basil), Centella asiatica (Asian pennywort), and Hibiscus rosa sinensis (shoeblack plant) are a few examples of plants from which leaf extracts were extracted and studied.