A Review: Efficacy of Microorganisms in Bioremediation

The world today is facing the problem of environmental pollution. The term “Bioremediation” refers to a biological mechanism of recycling wastes to a form which other organisms can use. To overcome this, microorganisms serve as a potent alternative. Owing to an amazing metabolic activity, microorganisms survive almost all environmental conditions. Microbes can be used in bioremediation of environmental pollutants as they exhibit a vast nutritional capacity. The eradication, degradation, detoxification and immobilization of various physical and chemical wastes can be done by bioremediation involving microorganisms. The degradation and transformation of pollutants (hydrocarbons, oil, heavy metal, pesticides, dye’s) is carried out enzymatically. The rate of degradation is determined by two factors; biotic and abiotic. Methods such as biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioventing, biopiles and bioattenuation are common worldwide and as per their specificities have advantages and disadvantages as well.