Evaluation of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium Levels in the Serum and Urine of Patients with Renal Failure using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Exposure to heavy metals is the most serious threat to human health and biological system, too much and too little of it does a great deal of harm, including toxicity. Recently, an increase in the incidence of renal failure. It was observed in Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf Governorate and it is a major driver for measuring the concentration of heavy metals in Human serum, urine. In this study, 20 (10 men and 10 women) patients with renal failure were taken against 20 (10 men and 10 women) healthy subjects. Peoples Volunteers. It was found that the level of lead in blood serum, urine, respectively, ranged between (27.3992 PPM - 0.4689 PPM ppm, Mean ±SD = 7.4731 ± 19.923 ppm), (1.2978 - 0.0000 mg/L), Mean ±SD = 7.4731 ± 19.923 mg/L,), in Kidney failure patients were found (128.186 ppm - 0.3015 ppm, Mean ±SD = 11.255 ± 10.923 ppm,) in the healthy group. It was found that the value of cadmium in blood serum, urine, respectively, ranged (26.4340 - 3.9280 PPM, Mean ±SD = 9.7437 ± 5.8836 ppm), (0.2439 - 0.0004 mg/ L, Mean ±SD = 9.7437 ± 5.8836 ppm,), in patients with renal failure) but on her (22.7242 - 2.3568 PPM, Mean ±SD = 8.322 ± 5.88 ppm, in the healthy group). It was found that the value of chromium in blood serum, urine, respectively, ranged (72.6293-3.3157 ppm, Mean ±SD = 24.69 ± 21.36 ppm), (0.5676-0.0000 mg/L, Mean ±SD = 22.7585 ± 21.673 ppm), in patients with renal failure) Find the value of chromium present (‎72.6293 – 3.3157 ppm, Mean ±SD = 24.69 ± 21.36 ppm) in the healthy group. This study concluded that the mean chromium concentrations are highest in serum samples, cd, then pb lowest in serum samples. It was found that average lead concentrations were highest in urine samples then chromium was lowest in cd. Mean concentrations of heavy metals are higher in serum Cr and pb samples of healthy subjects, while mean concentrations of heavy metals are higher in urine samples of Pb of healthy subjects.